Antibiotic therapy should be routinely given to all cases. Kwashiorkor, or oedematous malnutrition, is defined as the presence of bilateral pitting oedema, in the absence of another medical cause of oedema, generally occurring while receiving a monotonous cereal-based diet.
Marasmic kwashiorkor is the presence of severe wasting in addition to oedema. Kwashiorkor typically occurs in children around the time of weaning and up to 4 years of age, although it may present later, particularly when associated with tuberculosis TB or HIV. Oedema of kwashiorkor is evident in the soft tissues of the extremities, rather than as ascites. Dr Mark J. Bunn, the previous contributor to this monograph. JEGB declares that he has no competing interests. How well a person recovers from kwashiorkor depends on how severe their symptoms were when treatment began.
If treatment was started early, the person will usually recover well, although children may never reach their full growth potential and be shorter than their peers. If treatment was started in the later stages of protein malnutrition, the person may be left with physical and intellectual disabilities.
Marasmus is another type of malnutrition that can affect young children in regions of the world where there's an unstable food supply. Signs of marasmus include thinness and loss of fat and muscle without any tissue swelling oedema. Like kwashiorkor, marasmus is caused by a lack of the right types of nutrients. Tests may need to be done to rule out other causes of thinness. The treatment for marasmus is similar to that for kwashiorkor. Nutrition, food security, and health. In: Kliegman RM, St.
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Manary MJ, Trehan I. Protein-energy malnutrition. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Updated by: Neil K. Editorial team. Kwashiorkor is most common in areas where there is: Famine Limited food supply Low levels of education when people do not understand how to eat a proper diet This disease is more common in very poor countries.
It may occur during a: Drought or other natural disaster, or Political unrest. Even with treatment, children who have had kwashiorkor may never reach their full growth and height potential. If treatment comes too late, a child may have permanent physical and mental disabilities. Kwashiorkor can be prevented by making sure you eat enough calories and protein-rich foods.
Children and older adults, the two groups who most commonly experience kwashiorkor as a result of abuse or neglect, will display typical symptoms of the condition. The most visible symptoms are swelling of the ankles, feet, and belly. In some cases of abuse or neglect, these symptoms may also accompany other signs of mistreatment, such as bruising and broken bones.
If you suspect a person is in immediate danger because of abuse or neglect, call right away. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are forms of undernutrition. Learn the difference between these two conditions. The importance of eating enough protein can not be overstated. Here are 20 high protein foods that can help you lose weight, feel great, and gain…. If you worry that vegetarian and vegan diets might lack sufficient protein, you're not alone. This article lists 18 high protein plant foods you can….
Malnutrition refers to getting too little or too much of certain nutrients.
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